Vatican City, officially known as the Vatican City State, is a sovereign city-state enclaved within Rome, Italy. Here’s an overview of how it operates:
Government:
- Vatican City is an absolute elective monarchy, with the Pope serving as the absolute head of state and government.
- The Pope exercises full legislative, executive, and judicial powers within Vatican City.
- He is elected by the College of Cardinals, who are appointed by the Pope.
Legislature:
- Vatican City does not have a separate legislative body. The Pope’s legislative authority is exercised through various decrees, laws, and regulations.
- The Pope’s authority is guided by the principles of canon law, which govern the Catholic Church.
Administration:
- The day-to-day administration of Vatican City is carried out by various departments, offices, and councils, collectively known as the Roman Curia.
- These bodies assist the Pope in governing the Catholic Church and managing the affairs of Vatican City.
- The Secretariat of State is the central governing body of the Roman Curia and serves as the Pope’s principal diplomatic and administrative office.
Economy:
- Vatican City’s economy is supported primarily by tourism, with millions of visitors each year visiting St. Peter’s Basilica, the Vatican Museums, and other cultural and religious sites.
- It also generates revenue from the sale of postage stamps, coins, publications, and souvenirs.
- Donations from Catholics worldwide, known as Peter’s Pence, also contribute to the Vatican’s finances.
Diplomacy:
- Despite its small size, Vatican City maintains diplomatic relations with various countries and international organizations.
- The Holy See, which is the central governing authority of the Catholic Church, represents Vatican City in diplomatic affairs.
- The Pope and the Holy See play a significant role in international diplomacy, advocating for peace, human rights, and social justice.
Legal System:
- Vatican City has its legal system based on canon law, which governs the Catholic Church.
- Civil law matters are generally handled by Italian authorities, under the terms of the Lateran Treaty, which established the independent sovereignty of Vatican City while recognizing the authority of Italy over certain legal matters.
Overall, Vatican City operates as a unique entity, combining elements of a religious institution, a sovereign state, and a cultural centre. Its governance is deeply intertwined with the authority and teachings of the Catholic Church, with the Pope serving as its spiritual and temporal leader.