What is neuroplasticity?
The brain’s complex networks, formed by synapses and neurons, can change over time. Neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to change throughout life, is crucial for learning and recovery after injuries.
Activity-Driven Neuroplasticity: “Use it or lose it” rule: Frequently used synapses strengthen, while unused ones weaken or disappear. New activities generate fresh connections.
Changes in Synaptic Strength: Temporary and long-lasting changes depend on signal intensity and frequency. Short-term memory relies on enhanced connections, while long-term memory involves structural changes.
Structural Neuroplasticity: Activity-related changes may enlarge or shrink cortical areas. Eg. hand motor region size correlates with handedness.
Functional Neuroplasticity: Neurones adopt new functions under sufficient stimulation. Crucial for post-stroke rehabilitation, allowing healthy areas to compensate.
Neuroplasticity in Response to Stimuli: Stress or physical exercise can prompt neurotransmitter switching.
Phantom Limb Sensation: Phenomenon where amputees feel sensations in lost limbs. Explained by overlapping sensory inputs in the somatosensory cortex.
