Local elections are considered ‘second-order’ because they’re viewed as less important or influential than national elections—such as general elections that decide who governs the country.
Here’s why:
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Lower Voter Turnout
Fewer people vote in local elections because they’re seen as having less impact on major national issues like the economy, foreign policy, or healthcare. Many voters aren’t as aware of local candidates or council matters.
Protest Voting
People often use local elections to show dissatisfaction with the national government, voting against the ruling party as a form of protest—even when the issues at stake are local.
Less Media Coverage
Local elections receive less attention in the media, so there’s usually less public debate and urgency to take part.
Boost for Smaller Parties
With less at stake than in national contests, voters may feel freer to support smaller parties or independents, knowing their vote won’t change the government.
National Politics Still Dominate
Even though local elections are about local issues, people often vote based on national political moods rather than the performance of local councils.
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So, they’re called second-order elections because they don’t carry the same weight or urgency as first-order ones—but they still offer insight into public opinion and political trends.