The rise of right-wing support in Europe in recent years has been influenced by various factors, including:
Immigration and Identity Concerns: The influx of immigrants and refugees into Europe, particularly during the Syrian refugee crisis, has fuelled concerns about cultural identity, national security, and economic competition among segments of the population. Right-wing parties often capitalize on these anxieties by advocating for stricter immigration policies and emphasizing national identity.
Economic Insecurity: Economic factors such as globalization, automation, and austerity measures have contributed to economic insecurity for many Europeans. Right-wing parties often frame themselves as defenders of national sovereignty and economic protectionism, promising to prioritize the interests of native workers over globalization and free trade.
Dissatisfaction with Establishment Politics: Many Europeans have grown disillusioned with traditional political parties and institutions, perceiving them as out of touch or ineffective in addressing pressing issues such as unemployment, inequality, and social cohesion. Right-wing populist movements often position themselves as anti-establishment alternatives, promising to shake up the status quo and represent the “voice of the people.”
Cultural and Social Conservatism: Right-wing parties often appeal to conservative values and social norms, including opposition to multiculturalism, LGBTQ+ rights, and progressive social policies. They frame themselves as defenders of traditional family values, national heritage, and cultural homogeneity, resonating with segments of the population who feel threatened by social change.
EU Skepticism: Euroscepticism, or skepticism towards the European Union and its policies, has been a significant driver of right-wing support in some European countries. Right-wing parties often criticize the EU for perceived encroachments on national sovereignty, bureaucratic inefficiency, and unequal distribution of resources, advocating for greater national autonomy or outright withdrawal from the EU.
Security Concerns and Terrorism: High-profile terrorist attacks in Europe, as well as concerns about radicalization and extremism, have heightened fears about security and immigration. Right-wing parties often exploit these concerns by emphasizing law and order, border control, and counterterrorism measures as core elements of their platforms.
These factors vary in significance across different European countries and contexts, but they collectively contribute to the rise of right-wing support in the region. It’s important to note that the political landscape is complex, and the rise of right-wing parties is often intertwined with broader social, economic, and cultural dynamics.